On Monday, the McCullough Foundation published a report on the ‘Determinants of Autism Spectrum Disorder’.
The report synthesises evidence from over 300 studies to analyse the potential risk factors for autism spectrum disorder (“ASD”), concluding that the combination and early-timed routine childhood vaccination constitutes the most significant modifiable risk factor for ASD.
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Landmark Report Finds Vaccination Is the Dominant Risk Factor for Autism Spectrum Disorder
by Nicolas Hulscher, MPH, 27 October 2025
For decades, scientists have debated what drives the relentless rise in autism. Some have claimed it’s due to “increased screening” while others declare it’s anything but vaccines. Thousands of studies have explored genetic, environmental and perinatal factors – but very few have ever examined vaccine and non-vaccine determinants together within a unified analytical framework.
Now, the landmark McCullough Foundation Report titled, ‘Determinants of Autism Spectrum Disorder’, provides the most comprehensive synthesis on the possible causes of autism to date. Thanks to the tireless work of Nicolas Hulscher, MPH, John S. Leake, MA, Simon Troupe, MPH, Claire Rogers, MSPAS, PA-C, Kirstin Cosgrove, BM, CCRA, M. Nathaniel Mead, MSc, PhD, Bre Craven, PA-C, Mila Radetich, Andrew Wakefield, MBBS, and Peter A. McCullough, MD, MPH – and support from the Bia-Echo Foundation – this historic effort was made possible.
Our report represents a major breakthrough through the iron grip of censorship imposed by the Bio-Pharmaceutical Complex on the issue of vaccination and autism. It also marks Dr. Andrew Wakefield’s first major return to the scientific literature in years – after enduring years of irrational attacks from the vaccine cartel.
By systematically integrating more than 300 studies across epidemiologic, clinical, mechanistic and molecular domains, our team delivers the most extensive mapping yet of autism’s multifactorial origins and opens a new line of inquiry into how environmental and iatrogenic exposures intersect with genetic susceptibility.
By evaluating all known risk factors side by side, this analysis uniquely clarifies the relative contribution of vaccination compared to genetic and environmental domains. No prior review has attempted this integrative scope without excluding positive vaccine-association studies or unvaccinated controls – an essential step in determining whether vaccines truly play a role in autism risk, and if so, how significant that role is within the broader causal landscape.
Here’s what we found as described in the Abstract:
Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is now estimated to affect more than 1 in 31 children in the United States, with prevalence rising sharply over the past two decades and posing an increasing burden to families and public health systems. Most of the literature on ASD characterises it as a complex neurodevelopmental condition shaped by multiple determinants, including genetic liability, immune dysregulation, perinatal stressors, and environmental toxicants. Since 1996, the possible role of childhood vaccination has also been discussed and debated. This review synthesises the full range of evidence to clarify both vaccine-related and non-vaccine contributors to ASD risk.
Methods: We comprehensively examined epidemiologic, clinical, and mechanistic studies evaluating potential ASD risk factors, assessing outcomes, exposure quantification, strength and independence of associations, temporal relationships, internal and external validity, overall cohesiveness, and biological plausibility.
Results: We found potential determinants of new onset ASD before the age of 9 years old to include: older parents (>35 years mother, >40 years father), premature delivery before 37 weeks of gestation, common genetic variants, siblings with autism, maternal immune activation, in utero drug exposure, environmental toxicants, gut-brain axis alterations and combination routine childhood vaccination. These diverse genetic, environmental, and iatrogenic factors appear to intersect through shared pathways of immune dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation, culminating in neurodevelopmental injury and regression in susceptible children. Of 136 studies examining childhood vaccines or their excipients, 29 found neutral risks or no association, while 107 inferred a possible link between immunisation or vaccine components and ASD or other neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), based on findings spanning epidemiologic, clinical, mechanistic, neuropathologic, and case-report evidence of developmental regression. 12 studies comparing routinely immunised versus completely unvaccinated children or young adults consistently demonstrated superior overall health outcomes among the unvaccinated, including significantly lower risks of chronic medical problems and neuropsychiatric disorders such as ASD. The neutral association papers were undermined by absence of a genuinely unvaccinated control group – with partial or unverified immunisation even among those classified as unvaccinated – alongside registry misclassification, ecological confounding, and averaged estimates that obscure effects within vulnerable subgroups. Only a few case–control studies verified vaccination through medical records or parent-held cards, and none performed independent clinical assessments of the children for ASD. In contrast, the positive association studies found both population signals (ecologic, cohort, case–control, dose–response, and temporal clustering) and mechanistic findings converging on biologic plausibility: antigen, preservative, and adjuvant (ethyl mercury and aluminium) induced mitochondrial and neuroimmune dysfunction, central nervous system injury, and resultant incipient phenotypic expression of ASD. Clustered vaccine dosing and earlier timing of exposure during critical neurodevelopmental windows appeared to increase the risk of ASD. These findings parallel strong, consistent increases in cumulative vaccine exposure during early childhood and the reported prevalence of autism across successive birth cohorts. To date, no study has evaluated the safety of the entire cumulative paediatric vaccine schedule for neurodevelopmental outcomes through age 9 or 18 years. Nearly all existing research has focused on a narrow subset of individual vaccines or components – primarily MMR, thimerosal-containing, or aluminium-adjuvanted products – meaning that only a small fraction of total childhood vaccine exposure has ever been assessed for associations with ASD or other NDDs.
Conclusion: The totality of evidence supports a multifactorial model of ASD in which genetic predisposition, neuroimmune biology, environmental toxicants, perinatal stressors, and iatrogenic exposures converge to produce the phenotype of a post-encephalitic state. Combination and early-timed routine childhood vaccination constitutes the most significant modifiable risk factor for ASD, supported by convergent mechanistic, clinical, and epidemiologic findings, and characterised by intensified use, the clustering of multiple doses during critical neurodevelopmental windows, and the lack of research on the cumulative safety of the full paediatric schedule. As ASD prevalence continues to rise at an unprecedented pace, clarifying the risks associated with cumulative vaccine dosing and timing remains an urgent public health priority.
Key Findings
1. Comprehensive Scope
- Included 300+ studies covering genetic, environmental, immune, toxicologic and vaccine-related factors.
- Of 136 studies evaluating vaccines or their excipients, 107 (79%) found evidence consistent with a vaccine–autism link, while 29 reported null results.
- Only 12 studies compared fully vaccinated versus completely unvaccinated children – and every one showed superior health outcomes among the unvaccinated.
2. Methodological Gaps in “Null” Studies
- Studies reporting no association consistently lacked genuinely unvaccinated control groups, relied on registry data rather than clinical assessments and failed to confirm vaccine records.
- None employed a formal non-inferiority framework to evaluate autism as a safety endpoint, leaving neurodevelopmental risk effectively untested.
3. Converging Mechanisms of Injury
- Across multiple biological domains, evidence converged on shared mechanisms – immune dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation – triggered by antigen, preservative and adjuvant exposure during critical neurodevelopmental windows.
- Clustered and early-timed vaccination correlated with higher ASD risk.
4. Broader Determinants
- Non-vaccine risk factors – older parents, premature delivery, common genetic variants, siblings with autism, maternal immune activation, in utero drug exposure, environmental toxicants, and gut-brain axis alterations – also contribute, but none can fully explain the sharp rise in autism that coincided with the expansion of the US vaccine schedule post-1986.
5. Policy and Research Implications
- No study has ever assessed the entire paediatric vaccine schedule for neurodevelopmental outcomes through age 9 or 18.
- Autism prevalence has now reached 1 in 31 US children, underscoring an urgent need for comprehensive safety re-evaluation and unvaccinated control cohorts in future studies.
Conclusion
This landmark report reveals autism as a multifactorial disorder with intersecting genetic, environmental and iatrogenic influences – but one dominant, modifiable factor stands out.Combination and early-timed vaccination emerges as a major driver of risk: consistent across mechanistic, epidemiologic and clinical evidence.
As autism prevalence continues to rise at an unprecedented pace, clarifying the full neurodevelopmental impact of the modern vaccine schedule is no longer optional – it’s a moral and scientific imperative.
Read the full report HERE.
Download and read the full press release HERE.
Epilogue
This project began earlier this year and quickly grew into one of the most ambitious analyses our team has ever undertaken. Over the past several months, we have invested countless hours reviewing, categorising and cross-checking data from more than 300 studies to produce this landmark report. The work required meticulous attention to every detail to ensure the most accurate synthesis possible.
This research was made possible through generous support from the Bia-Echo Foundation, which recognised the importance of independent scientific inquiry, along with the commitment of our many honourable donors. Yet sustaining this level of investigation – spanning fact-checking, figure development and manuscript production – requires continued resources and support.
If you would like to help us expand this vital work, please consider supporting future analyses through the McCullough Foundation. Every contribution directly fuels ongoing independent research, publication, and public-education efforts.
Support our mission today HERE.
About the Author
Nicolas Hulscher, Master of Public Health (MPH), is an epidemiologist and Administrator at the McCullough Foundation, which publishes articles on a Substack page titled ‘Focal Points’.
Hulscher is known for his research on adverse events following covid vaccination, particularly focusing on myocarditis and other post-acute sequelae. He has been the lead author on several covid vaccination studies and a contributor to others. He has also co-authored research on the proximal origin of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1.
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At the end of the day you have to know only one single thing:
+++++ THERE IS NO VIRUS! ++++++
So why all these injections?
An experience I recently had with my dentist has only confirmed what I already knew:
It’s a mafia that doesn’t help people at all or only rarely (apart from emergency medical care), but primarily makes healthy people sick, takes as much money as possible out of their pockets and those who pay for them, like insurance companies, and throws people away when there’s no more money to be expected.
—
What robs the doctor of his bread?
Your good health, or else your death.
That he may live he’s keeping you
Safely suspended twixt the two.
— Eugen Roth, a German poet
German original:
Was bringt den Doktor um sein Brot?
a) Die Gesundheit, b) der Tod.
Drum hält der Arzt, auf dass er lebe,
uns zwischen beiden in der Schwebe.
…and eugenics of the few.
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Autism prevalence has now reached 1 in 31 US children, underscoring an urgent need for comprehensive safety re-evaluation and unvaccinated control cohorts in future studies.
*
Bigtree saw Dr. Zervos as the perfect candidate to conduct a large-scale vax vs. unvax study that could track children over time. He told Dr. Zervos this was his opportunity to prove the anti-vaxxers wrong — an angle that convinced him to take on the study.
Dr. Zervos agreed, and the study was completed in 2020. As Bigtree anticipated, the results were devastating for the vaccinated — but there was one major problem: Dr. Zervos chose not to publish the study.
See: https://onenessofhumanity.wordpress.com/2025/10/13/an-inconvenient-study-new-documentary-film-will-leave-you-sick-and-infuriated/
I don’t like the wording of “early-timed” vaccines. It’s not just about them being when they are in early infancy and key developmental points, it’s about the fact that they are dangerous products for anyone at any age, given the toxicants and adjuvants used and the mechanism of how they work. No one now, or has ever, needed vaccines.